![]() Chicago Mercantile Association: Certain market data is the property of Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc. Factset: FactSet Research Systems Inc.2019. ![]() Market indices are shown in real time, except for the DJIA, which is delayed by two minutes. ![]() Related: Dove 'missed the mark' with racially insensitive adĪ string of companies have come under scrutiny for racially insensitive advertising, like a Dove ad earlier this month which prompted the company to admit it "missed the mark."īut Cheerios received attention of a different kind when it featured a mixed race couple and child in a commercial in 2013, which won praise from some consumers, but backlash from racists. Ahmed did not immediately respond to a message on Twitter. Kellogg's and Ahmed's publishers Penguin Random House and Boom! Studios did not immediately return messages from CNNMoney. ![]() Since then, many of his tweets have either been pitching his upcoming comic book "Abbott," which he describes as a supernatural crime thriller set in his home town of Detroit, or complaining about getting "hate retweeted" by racists.Īhmed has published several science fiction novels, including "Throne of the Crescent Moon" in 2012, which was nominated for Hugo and Nebula Awards. Ahmed replied that he appreciated the "rapid response." Kellogg's reply came about five hours after Ahmed's original tweet that morning, presumably during breakfast. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Add only 1 or 2 to get the same texture and flavor. You’ll still get a great flavor but without the extra calories. Use No Sugar chocolate chips instead of the regular chocolate chips. Instead of the chocolate syrup, try sugar free chocolate syrup. Instead of whole milk, use unsweetened vanilla almond milk or fat free cow’s milk. You can make this a skinny drink! Here’s how! ![]() You can use coconut milk, oat milk or soy milk if you prefer.Ĭookies – Instead of Oreo’s, feel free to use the store brand, chocolate wafers or chocolate chip cookies. Milk – I prefer whole milk for the creaminess it adds to the drink, but feel free to use any milk you prefer. Lucky for all of us, Starbucks officially brought back the Cookie Crumble Frappuccino in the spring of 2019, and it has remained a favorite on the menu since then. Even though it wasn’t on the menu, customers still ordered this favorite drink as a secret menu item. Starbucks first introduced the Cookie Crumble Frappuccino in 2012, and then took it off the menu in 2015. They will love the drink and you will become their favorite barista! A bit of history: It’s a great dessert-like drink that combines coffee, chocolate, cookies and milk and then is topped with a dollop of whipped cream! Make it at home and share it with your family and friends. The Cookie Crumble Frappuccino tastes like a chocolate Oreo milkshake with coffee added in. In fact, it takes less time to make the Cookie Crumble Frappuccino at home than it does to sit in line at the Starbuck’s drive thru! Not only will it save you time by making your own frappe at home, but it will also save you money! What does this drink taste like? The main ingredients are coffee, milk, chocolate and cookies, and only takes a few minutes to make. If you love Starbucks’ Cookie Crumble Frappuccino, you are going to want to try this copycat recipe! There is nothing better than getting to find a way to try a favorite drink in your own home, and this copycat recipe will not disappoint! Thanks for following us! Please share with your family and friends! ![]() ![]() ![]() Heartbroken family pay tribute to 'priceless gift' daughter, six, killed when van crashed into pedestrians as boy, 14, and girl, 13, remain in hospital.Fortress Chiswick: How affluent suburb that is home to rich and famous has fallen victim to terrifying crime wave which has seen Aled Jones threatened with machete, commuters mugged and boutique owners forced to lock their doors.How rife is Covid in YOUR area? Timelapse map shows how cases have DOUBLED in a fortnight as health chiefs confirm 'real deal' variant is now in UK - and may have been spreading silently for weeks.Shark attacks swimmer in sea off Majorca as council orders beaches to be closed. ![]() Gang of French and Swiss holidaymakers 'who raped Brit, 18,' were 'filmed laughing during the attack', it's claimed as judge 'dismisses claim sex was consensual as preposterous'.Residents' fury as ULEZ camera is erected in the middle of their quiet cul-de-sac leaving them facing £12.50 charge simply for leaving their 'little road nobody knows about'.I used to be a traffic warden: This is what you should do if you get a parking ticket.iPhones have a hidden 'vampire' setting responsible for significant battery draining - here's how to check if your phone is affected.Premier League LIVE: Luis Diaz and Mo Salah see Liverpool come from behind to lead 2-1 against Bournemouth - while Fulham 0-0 Brentford and Wolves 0-1 Brighton in other 3pm games.'Entitled' neighbour drove through next door's garden to park his Porsche - but their revenge ended up ruining his car.Shamed rugby star Joe Westerman finds love with his friend's wife just a few weeks after his own kicked him out of the marital home for having sex with a woman around the back of Greggs.Inside the sprawling Lucy Letby investigation: Even when the hospital called them in, detectives didn't expect to discover killer nurse was to blame…until the 'chilling' reality began to unfold.Detective who interviewed Lucy Letby reveals the killer was 'cool and devoid of emotion'.The medical evidence that finally caught Lucy Letby: How case against killer nurse hinged on crucial study into air being injected into a baby's blood.The making of a serial killer: From student nurse to ruthless murderer, a full timeline of the horrific crimes Lucy Letby committed in plain sight - ending with her conviction as the most prolific child killer in modern day Britain.I saw Lucy Letby standing by my baby's cot, then all hell let loose': Parents believe their daughter was one of killer nurse's first victims 'My mother's instinct told me to check on my daughter.This entry was posted in modblog and tagged eyeball-tattooing, risks by Shannon Larratt. You can see one possible result - I believe on the extreme end - in this photo by Matti Keski-Kohtamäki. It is likely that this risk can be greatly reduced by minimizing the amount of ink used, and by cleaning any residual ink of the eye - but I can’t promise that. It’s important for people to understand that even though eyeball tattooing is now five years old, it is not completely understood. He also wore makeup over it for the first year, but has learned to enjoy it. He’s tried lightening the black patch by tattooing over it with skin tone tattoo ink, with some positive results but not completely covering it. He also adds that the discoloration is not close to the surface as with a normal tattoo - it’s much deeper, as if the subcutaneous tissue is black. He figures that while he was dreaming that night, that the combination of the eye’s natural movement and normal self-cleaning mechanisms could have moved the ink down under the lower lid at which point it penetrated the tissue rather than being excreted. His theory on why he got so much discoloration under the eye was that there was some ink on top of the left eyeball after the operation that they couldn’t remove. Most people with this that I’ve seen have just some small lines of discoloration, but the results can be quite extreme, as you see here on the left eye of Mechanical Demon (tattoo artist at Harness in Helsinki, Finland). We have no idea how to definitively mitigate it. Is the ink somehow pulling into the tear or lymphomatic ducts? Being pulled into the tissue through some sort of capillary action? Is it happening because of over-injection? Is it happening because of too much ink being sprayed over the eye that’s not being injected? We’re just not sure yet - and that’s what’s so troubling about this risk. No one has been able to come up with a satisfactory explanation. I wish I could tell you exactly why this happens. Or whatever color eye that matches the tattoo of course. One of the risks of eyeball tattooing that I’ve been really averse to talking about - almost refusing to believe it in fact - is that in perhaps 10% of people the procedure results in a permanent black eye. ![]() ![]() ![]() He also had several articles appear in national publications and made appearances as a guest on cable news networks. In 2007, he wrote a book, House to House, detailing his experiences in Fallujah. Their membership consisted of tens of thousands of veterans who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan.īellavia returned to Iraq as an embedded reporter in 20 where he covered the heavy fighting in Ramadi, Fallujah and Diyala Province. Throughout the year, his task force took part in the battles for Najaf, Mosul, Baqubah, Muqdadiyah and Fallujah.īellavia left the Army in August 2005 and cofounded Vets for Freedom, a veteran advocacy organization that sought to separate politics from the warriors who fight in the field. ![]() From February 2004 to February 2005, Bellavia and the 2nd Battalion, 2nd Infantry Regiment, were stationed in the Diyala Province along the Iranian border. In the summer of 2003, Bellavia’s unit deployed to Kosovo for nine months before receiving orders to deploy directly to Iraq to support Operation Iraqi Freedom. That sense of duty had been ingrained in Bellavia since he was a child by his grandfather, Joseph Brunacini, who served in the Army during the Normandy Campaign in World War II and earned a Bronze Star for his valor. In 2001, Bellavia had to choose between changing his military occupational specialty, submitting a hardship discharge, or remaining as an infantryman and leaving his family for 36 months on an unaccompanied tour to Germany.Īfter the terror attacks on 9/11, Bellavia felt his country needed him and chose to stay and fight. After One Station Unit Training, the Army assigned Bellavia to the Syracuse Recruiting Battalion an assignment which allowed his infant son to receive the medical care he needed. ![]() The son of a successful dentist and the youngest of four boys, Bellavia grew up in western New York and attended Lyndonville Central High School and Houghton Academy.įollowing his high school graduation in 1994, Bellavia attended Franklin Pierce University in Rindge, New Hampshire, and the University at Buffalo, where he studied biology and theater before turning to the military.īellavia enlisted in the U.S. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() How many integers from 1 to 50 are multiples of 2 or 3 but not both?įrom 1 to 100, there are $50/2 = 25$ numbers which are multiples of 2. ![]() Examplesįrom a set S =|A_1 \cap \dots \cap A_2|$ In other words a Permutation is an ordered Combination of elements. PermutationsĪ permutation is an arrangement of some elements in which order matters. Hence from X to Z he can go in $5 \times 9 = 45$ ways (Rule of Product). Thereafter, he can go Y to Z in $4 + 5 = 9$ ways (Rule of Sum). Solution − From X to Y, he can go in $3 + 2 = 5$ ways (Rule of Sum). How many ways are there to go from X to Z? From there, he can either choose 4 bus routes or 5 train routes to reach Z. He may go X to Y by either 3 bus routes or 2 train routes. From his home X he has to first reach Y and then Y to Z. ![]() Question − A boy lives at X and wants to go to School at Z. Mathematically, if a task B arrives after a task A, then $|A \times B| = |A|\times|B|$ The Rule of Product − If a sequence of tasks $T_1, T_2, \dots, T_m$ can be done in $w_1, w_2, \dots w_m$ ways respectively and every task arrives after the occurrence of the previous task, then there are $w_1 \times w_2 \times \dots \times w_m$ ways to perform the tasks. $A \cap B = \emptyset$), then mathematically $|A \cup B| = |A| + |B|$ If we consider two tasks A and B which are disjoint (i.e. The Rule of Sum − If a sequence of tasks $T_1, T_2, \dots, T_m$ can be done in $w_1, w_2, \dots w_m$ ways respectively (the condition is that no tasks can be performed simultaneously), then the number of ways to do one of these tasks is $w_1 + w_2 + \dots +w_m$. The Rule of Sum and Rule of Product are used to decompose difficult counting problems into simple problems. Counting mainly encompasses fundamental counting rule, the permutation rule, and the combination rule. For solving these problems, mathematical theory of counting are used. For instance, in how many ways can a panel of judges comprising of 6 men and 4 women be chosen from among 50 men and 38 women? How many different 10 lettered PAN numbers can be generated such that the first five letters are capital alphabets, the next four are digits and the last is again a capital letter. Then S = A c ∩ B c∩ C c since each element of S is not divisible by 3, 5, or 7.In daily lives, many a times one needs to find out the number of all possible outcomes for a series of events. Let C be the subset of integer which is divisible by 7 Let B be the subset of integer which is divisible by 5 Solution: Let A be the subset of integer which is divisible by 3 Then |U|= 1000 Find |S| where S is the set of such integer which is not divisible by 3, 5 or 7? Then the number m of the element which do not appear in any subset A 1,A 2.A r of U.Įxample: Let U be the set of positive integer not exceeding 1000. Let A 1,A 2.A r be the subset of Universal set U. So, according to the pigeonhole principle, there must be at least two people assigned to the same month. Solution: We assigned each person the month of the year on which he was born. Solution: Here n = 12 months are the PigeonholesĮxample2: Show that at least two people must have their birthday in the same month if 13 people are assembled in a room. Generalized pigeonhole principle is: - If n pigeonholes are occupied by kn+1 or more pigeons, where k is a positive integer, then at least one pigeonhole is occupied by k+1 or more pigeons.Įxample1: Find the minimum number of students in a class to be sure that three of them are born in the same month. If n pigeonholes are occupied by n+1 or more pigeons, then at least one pigeonhole is occupied by greater than one pigeon. ![]() ![]() ![]() Load only as much envelopes as can be held between the paper guides on the bypass tray. To print on envelopes that are set on the bypass tray with their short edges against the machine body, rotate the print image by 180 degrees using the printer driver. Be sure to include the fully open flap in the horizontal dimension. To print onto custom size envelopes, you must specify the envelope's dimensions. ![]() When loading envelopes in the landscape ( ) orientation, set them so that their flaps are closed, facing upward, and pointing toward the front of the machine. Otherwise, they might not feed into the machine. To print the envelope, insert an envelope in the printer as shown in the Feed box on the Printing Options tab in the Envelope Options dialog box, and then click Print.Load envelopes with flaps fully open. If you want, you can use the rest of the document for typing correspondence that will automatically be stored with the envelope. Word adds the envelope to the current document as. If you want to save the envelope for reuse, click Add to Document, and then click the File tab, click Save As, and type a name for the document. If you want to print the envelope without saving it for reuse, insert an envelope in the printer as shown in the Feed box, and then click Print. To set options for the electronic postage programs that are installed on your computer, click E-postage Properties. There, you can get more information and links to other sites that offer electronic postage. If you do not have an electronic postage program installed, Microsoft Word prompts you to install one and offers to connect to the site. Select the Add electronic postage check box. If you have access to electronic postage, for example if you purchased it from a service on the World Wide Web, you can add it to your envelope. If you want to keep the return address for future use, but you don't want to include it on the current envelope, select the Omit check box. In the Return address box, type the return address or use the preconfigured one. If you want to format the text, select the text, right-click the selected text, and then click Font on the shortcut menu. If you want to use an address in the electronic address book installed on your computer, click Insert Address. In the Delivery address box, type the mailing address. Top of Page Create and print or save an envelope Repeat this process until you discover a configuration of printing options that yields the results that you want. Go back to the Printing Options tab of the Envelope Options dialog box, and make adjustments to the printing options. If the envelope did not print correctly, do any of the following:Ĭonsult your printer information, if available, to find out how to load the envelopes into the printer. Verify that the envelope printed correctly. Type some test text in the Delivery address box, and then click Print to print the envelope. Load the envelope as indicated in the dialog box. The envelope in the illustration below is positioned to the right, face down, flap at the top, and the short edge is being fed into the printer, in accordance with the settings in the dialog box shown above. If the envelope is fed short edge first, the envelope may need to be rotated to prevent the text from appearing upside down on the face of the envelope. The face is the side that the address is printed on.ģ. The envelope can be face up or face down. The feed method determines the position of the envelope (right, middle, left) and whether the long or short edge is being fed into the printer.Ģ. The printer driver tells Word which way the envelope should be loaded into the printer, and this information is displayed in the Printing Options tab of the Envelope Options dialog box.ġ. If none of the choices matches your envelope size, scroll to the bottom of the list, click Custom size, and then type the dimensions of your envelope in the Width and Height boxes. In the Envelope size box, click the choice that matches the size of your envelope. On the Mailings tab, in the Create group, click Envelopes.Ĭlick Options, and then click the Envelope Options tab. Note: Word stores the address so that you can use it whenever you want to insert your return address in an envelope, label, or other document.īefore you run a batch of envelopes through your printer, you can verify that the printer options are set up correctly. ![]() ![]() You can download all of the audio files directly through the software, which is quite convenient. There are also many audio files that you can browse through entirely for free. They have a collection of free sound effects, ambient sounds, and music. Unity is an incredibly popular game engine for independent developers and they also offer an asset store that will give you everything that you need to perfect your game. Some of their most popular sound effects include: laughter, fighting, and machines. The best way to find the audio clips that you're looking for is to sort through their selection by tag. You may have to give credit to the creator, depending on what the creative license says but you can find more information with each audio recording that you look at. The sound effects available on SoundBible's website are entirely royalty free and you can use them for both personal and commercial purposes without having to pay a cent. Whether you make your own sounds or edit recordings that you have found elsewhere, the options are endless. Most of the features on the program are equivalent to those that you would find in top-tier expensive audio editors and recorders. ![]() You won't be able to sort through a collection of different sound effects and music, instead it's an open source program that allows you to edit and record sounds of your own. If you're working with your own sound and audio, Audacity may be just the thing that you're looking for. You can easily get free music for your games without having to worry about any fine print. The website owner, Roald Strauss went through the motions as a game developer and realized that there weren't as many resources for the audio files he needed so he created the website. The main purpose of Indie Game Music is to give independent game developers the audio content that they need to make their games. When you find a sound effect that you're interested in you can also view other sound effects that will sound similar. There are other search parameters as well such as genres, licenses, top downloaded, and most recently added. mp3 and you can easily browse through their selection based on the file type that you're interested in. You will be able to browse through their extensive list of sound effects, bleeps, and other unique audio components that you can add to your game. Visit the Sound Effects library of Filmstock and explore more creative resources for your video.Īll of the media on Freesound is released under Creative Commons licenses, meaning that they are free to use for creative purposes. You can download different sound effects for various scenes such as animals, natures, electronics, high tech sound effects, sci-fi sound effects and lovely sound effects. ![]() Best Recommended Royalty Free Sound Effects Library: Filmstockįilmstock is a one-stop shop for royalty free video effects, music and sound effects, stock video footage and more stock media. ![]() Other songs and sound effects will be entirely free, regardless. For example, some songs may be used only if your game is free. It is important that you read through all of the information on each site to make sure that you're following the guidelines of each song. If you're developing a game during your spare time or if you're simply looking for the most inexpensive resources that the internet has to offer for developers, there are an array of free music and sound effect resources. You May Also Like: Standard YouTube License vs. Sound effects themselves are essential to ensure that your game encompasses every aspect of the playing experience. The perfect tune at the perfect time can transport the player into a different dimension and help them feel like they are actually a part of a game. ![]() When you're developing a game, one of the most important aspects of the entire process is selecting the right music and sound effects. ![]() ![]() The editing by Jarosław Kamiński is sharp and precise, creating a deliberate pace that never feels too slow.įor all that the film shows us about what life in the cult is like, especially for Selah, most of the cult’s belief system is left frustratingly in the dark. ![]() Nearly every shot has either a surprising composition or impactful use of natural light to make it stand out. The imagery from “The Other Lamb” will stick in your memory long after you’ve seen it. It’s hypnotic, especially as the cult is forced by the outside world to leave their home and must walk for days to find a new place to settle, traveling through some stunning locations. Michal Englert’s striking cinematography works in tandem with the unsettling sound mix and bold production design to completely envelop you in the world of the film. But Szumowska makes it all feel new and interesting anyway, making a film that’s thick with atmosphere. This is all somewhat boilerplate, to be sure. The more time Selah spends with Sarah, the more she believes her, and the more she begins to see Shepherd’s actions for what they really are: A means of controlling the women around him. Sarah has seen more of Shepherd than seemingly anyone else and knows the ways of the world like the fact that having your period is a natural thing, not a punishment for being somehow impure as Selah has been taught. In perhaps the film’s smartest move, when she finally gets her period, she’s forced to spend a lot of time with shunned wife Sarah (Denise Gough), who came to the cult at the same time as Selah’s dead mother. As her body changes, she notices things about Shepherd (Michiel Huisman) that don’t seem right, things that make her begin to question her faith in him. On the brink of puberty when the film starts, Selah begins to have unsettling, often violent, and sometimes sexual visions, and not just when she’s asleep. Małgorzata Szumowska’s “The Other Lamb” tells the story of Selah (Raffey Cassidy), a young girl being raised in a cult headed by a man everyone calls Shepherd – “everyone” in this case being his many wives and daughters. ![]() Growing up in a strict religious atmosphere can make that even harder as you begin to feel things you have been told you should never feel – if you have any context for them at all. You start looking at the world differently, becoming aware of things you never saw before and seeing things you thought you knew in a different light. Something happens to you when you hit puberty. THE TEAM – Małgorzata Szumowska (Director) & C.S. THE CAST – Raffey Cassidy, Michiel Huisman & Denise Gough THE STORY – A young woman born into an all-female cult beings to question the teachings of her leader. ![]() ![]() Tekken 7 releases both in retail and digitally world wide on June 2nd, 2017. Jukebox Mode will give fans the option to listen to classic Tekken music from past games from the fighting game franchise. PS4 owners will receive classic Tekken 2 and Tekken 4 costumes for certain characters and Jukebox Mode. ![]() Paying some homage to fans of the series from the original PlayStation days. If you have any questions or concerns, feel free to contact us on Twitter 7 will release with a few exclusive content for PlayStation 4 owners. ![]() If you enjoy what we do here at The Online Arcade, support us on Patreon where your contribution will assure a healthy online tournament experience throughout the year, giving more variety of games to have a tournament within the year. If you’re planning on viewing both tournaments, as premier tournaments there will be giveaways throughout each live stream. That’s a total of $315 dollars for both tournaments. Tekken 7: Raging Fist prize pot information : Prize Pot total will be $165 (All money will be distributed through PayPal) All participants of Raging Fist will have access to discord, for match up updates or any question pertaining to the tournament. Raging Fist will be hosted on Upchuckgaming YouTube channel and you can sign up today by clicking here. ( Money earned from being in the Top Three will be distributed through PayPal)Ĭontinuing the next week, the second premier tournament begins with Tekken 7: Raging Fist on August 18th at 7 pm EDT. Injustice 2: No Justice No Peace prize pot information: Prize Pot total will be $150 dollars. You can sign up today by clicking here. All participants of No Justice No Peace will have access to discord, for match up updates or any question pertaining to the tournament. The tournament will be hosted on GamingWithPersona YouTube channel. Here are the two premier online tournaments for August: Injustice 2: No Justice No Peace with be the first premier tournament which will take place on August 12th starting at 5 pm EDT. It is important all participants use Challonge as your tournament guide for match ups/check in, messages, rules and the tournament description. Both tournaments will take place on the PlayStation 4 platform. Earlier we announced Street Fighter V, Tekken 7, Injustice 2, and Marvel Vs Capcom Infinite will be our four official premier tournaments for The Online Arcade. In August we plan to bring you two premier tournaments within the month, deeming it as “ Premier Month”. We are so grateful for all the support we’ve received for The Online Arcade and as promised we plan to deliver as much content as possible. If you like what we do and feel like supporting The Online Arcade head over to our Patreon or PayPal, where your contributions will be greatly appreciated. Similar to what you have seen in the prior online tournaments. Premier tournaments will have a larger prize pot(payable through PayPal) for the top three participates. Tekken 7- Raging Fist II ( Premier) 5/19/18- Sign up hereĪ Lite tournament will have no giveaways during the live stream and limited prize for winners. Marvel Vs Capcom Infinite- Clash of the Stones ( Premier) 4/21/18- Sign up here Street Fighter V- World Warriors III ( Premier) 3/24/18- Sign up here ![]() Guilty Gear Xrd Rev2: SLASH 2 ( Lite) - Sign up hereĭragon Ball FighterZ- Dragon World Tour ( Premier) 3/3/18- Sign up here ![]() Injustice 2: Dark Knights II ( Premier) - Sign up here Please read the description for any of the tournaments you are interested in signing up for, because there are important information pertaining to each tournament. If you have any questions or concerns, feel free to contact us on Twitter TheOnlineArcade. Here are some of the premier/Lite scheduled tournaments that are available for sign up today! With all our tournaments the dates and times could be subjected to change. 2018 plans on being a huge year for The Online Arcade. With our dedicated Twitch and YouTube channel’s, we want to deliver a vast amount of online tournaments in 2018. ![]() ![]() ![]() In an ideal cooperative scenario the perceptions and actions of humans and robots are perfectly coordinated taking the best of both, i.e., accuracy and precision of robot movements and flexibility and adaptability of human perception and action. In this regard, an important question is how robots and humans can cooperate in an effective way. The overlap of operating spaces between robots and humans is constantly growing. Human-robot interaction is gaining importance due to the increasing penetration of many areas by robotic devices, e.g., in rehabilitation, industrial production and motor skill learning in sports. The publication of the study was supported by Technische Universität Darmstadt ( in the framework of the Open Access Publishing Program.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.įunding: GK and ME were funded by the Forum for Interdisciplinary Research at Technische Universität Darmstadt ( The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Received: MaAccepted: MaPublished: April 23, 2021Ĭopyright: © 2021 Kollegger et al. The FLE may not apply to distance prediction compared to location estimation.Ĭitation: Kollegger G, Wiemeyer J, Ewerton M, Peters J (2021) Perception and prediction of the putting distance of robot putting movements under different visual/viewing conditions. The experiments indicate that temporal constraints seem to be more critical than spatial constraints. Spatial occlusion did not affect errors and confidence of prediction. Under the temporal occlusion condition, a prediction was not possible rather a random estimation pattern was found around the centre of the prediction scale (3 m). The participants consistently overestimated the putting distance under the full vision conditions however, the experiments did not show a pattern that was consistent with the FLE. Both experiments show comparable results for the respective dependent variables (error and confidence measures). After the presentation of each video sequence, the participants estimated the putting distance on a scale from 0 to 6 m and provided their confidence of prediction on a 5-point scale. 0, 3.0, and 4.0 m experiment 2) under the four visual conditions (F-RCHB, I-RCHB, F-RCH, and F-B). In the experiments, video sequences included six putting distances (1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 m experiment 1) under full versus incomplete vision (F-RCHB versus I-RCHB) and three putting distances (2. ![]() In two experiments, 48 video sequences of putt movements performed by a BioRob robot arm were presented to thirty-nine students (age: 24.49☓.20 years). Furthermore, we hypothesized that the predictions are more accurate and more confident if human observers operate under full vision (F-RCHB) compared to either temporal occlusion (I-RCHB) or spatial occlusion (invisible ball, F-RHC, or club, F-B). Based on the “flash-lag effect” (FLE) it was expected that the prediction errors increase with increasing putting velocity. The purpose of this paper is to examine, whether and under which conditions humans are able to predict the putting distance of a robotic device. ![]() |
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